WASHINGTON — China’s recent test of a long-range submarine-launched ballistic missile underscored its growing military and nuclear capabilities, analysts said, even as international attention remained focused on the conflict between the United States and Iran.
The nuclear-capable missile launch, conducted earlier this week, came nearly two years after Beijing fired an intercontinental ballistic missile into waters near French Polynesia. The latest test drew criticism from the United States and several countries in the Asia-Pacific region.
Nathan Beauchamp-Mustafaga of the RAND Corporation said the launch demonstrates that Beijing is seeking to show its nuclear triad—its ability to launch nuclear weapons by land, air and sea—is becoming a credible deterrent.
Taiwan identified the weapon as a JL-2, a submarine-launched ballistic missile with an estimated range of about 7,000 kilometers. Monitors said the missile was launched from a nuclear-powered submarine and appeared to land near the Solomon Islands.
According to a 2024 Pentagon report, China operates six nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines capable of carrying up to 12 missiles each.
Emma Chanlett-Avery said the launch sends a strategic message to the United States and other regional powers, reflecting China’s efforts to strengthen its influence in the Indo-Pacific while U.S.-led alliances face increasing pressure.
The U.S. Department of State criticized the missile test, expressing concern over China’s rapid and opaque expansion of its nuclear arsenal and urging Beijing to engage in meaningful arms control discussions.
Jacob Stokes of the Center for a New American Security said the launch reflects a clear progression in China’s nuclear modernization, following its 2024 land-based intercontinental ballistic missile test.
Stokes said the latest demonstration strengthens China’s position alongside the United States and Russia as one of the world’s leading nuclear powers.
